The Ever-Growing American Commute

Carmen Delgado begins her work day when the rest of us are sound asleep — at 3:00 a.m. sharp. Even at that hour, timing is critical.

"I'm looking at the clock all the time," she told CBS Sunday Morning correspondent Nancy Cordes. "Okay, I have another 15 minutes for breakfast, then exactly at four o'clock I leave through the door and hop in my car and drive to the bus stop. It's very important that we be first in line."

And why is it so important for her to get the first spot on the bus?

"Because I'm able to dash out when it pulls into Port Authority," she said, laughing. "That's what makes it good for me."

Like 140 million other Americans, delgado is commuting to work. Every day, she takes a bus from Matamoras, Penn., to New York City.

That's nearly 200 miles each way
If you think Carmen Delgado is unusual, think again. In fact, so many people now travel more than an hour-and-a-half to work, the Census Bureau has given them a name: Extreme commuters.

"It's amazing the number of people who are commuting those distances today," said Alan Pisarski, author of a government report on commuting. "It's growing five times as fast as the general growth in commuting — about three million, 3½ million [commute] more than 90 minutes a day, about ten million more than 60 minutes."

Evan Slaughenhaupt's trip from Dunkirk, Md., to Chantilly, Va., runs 60 miles. And even though his journey will take him nowhere near downtown Washington, D.C., it's often stop-and-go the whole way.

On a "good" day, Slaughenhaupt said he can be in work at about eight o'clock — that's having left his house at 6:00 or 6:30 a.m.

He showed us what he described as a typical morning's traffic: bogged down. "And we're gonna stay like this, bogged down for the most part, until we get to Interstate 66 west," he said. "This bog down will pretty much continue — pretty sure up into Maryland. And this to me demonstrates what you get when growth is out of control."

"Do you enjoy the commute or do you endure the commute?" Cordes asked.

"I adapted to the commute," Slaughenhoupt said. "By that I mean I've got satellite radio here, got a police/fire scanner, and I've got good friends in Metro Traffic like Lisa Baden, and I call in if I hear a traffic accidents and such. So instead of just being the victim of traffic, I'm actively participating with the traffic."

Lisa Baden is a Washington area traffic reporter. Extreme commuters like Evan are her eyes and ears.

"People want to be helpful," she told Cordes. "I average about 300 phone calls a shift."

Evan called into Lisa's traffic hotline, letting her know of a fender bender and a closed lane on I-66, contributing to a backup all the way to Robinson's Terminal.

"All right," she said. "You rock, man."

Evan says his traffic-watching hobby helps beat the boredom of a solo commute. He's got plenty of company: 9 out of 10 drivers now make the trip to work alone.

These long-distance commutes seem necessarily a very solitary endeavor. Pisarski says they have almost killed car pooling.

"What are the odds that there's somebody where you are going, when you're going?" he said. "We work in smaller facilities these days. We don't have, you know, somebody blowing the whistle at the factory and 5,000 people show up."

Which may help explain why today one in ten Americans car-pool. A quarter of a century ago, that figure was one in five.

"The old, traditional commute — the Ozzie and Harriet, "Leave It to Beaver" commute, [where you] live in the suburbs, work downtown, that's not where the growth is," Pisarski said. "The growth is in living in the suburbs and working in some other suburb."

In fact, half of all American workers now both live in the suburbs and work in the suburbs.

"The high cost of housing is pushing people out toward the edges of the metropolitan areas in search of some kind of housing that they'd like to have," said Pisarksi. "And as jobs move out to the suburbs to be closer to the workers, the workers leapfrog and go farther out. And again as those jobs get farther out, rural workers now begin to say, "Hey, that's a job I can work in." And so you get people from West Virginia coming into Washington, people from Sacramento going to San Francisco."

Of course, for drivers like Evan Slaughenhaupt, that just means more potential traffic jams. Statistics show that the average commuter loses 47 hours a year to traffic congestion.

The worst average commute can be found in New York. But other cities are almost as bad: Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston top the list. And these longer and longer commutes can have consequences large and small.

"I've noticed more rudeness on the road," said Baden. "I've noticed more aggression on the highways, and I've noticed that commuters are more frustrated because things are getting so clogged and patterns are constantly changing and the commute is taking them so much longer."

And it's not just road rage — aggressive venting at drivers in the next lane.

"If you look at a variety of measures — whether it's blood pressure or stress hormones — it seems to be as commutes get longer and longer they get more and more stressful.
in addition to length, the amount of stress of the trip seems to be related to the amount of effort — both psychological and physical effort — in the trip and also the amount of predictability, said environmental psychologist Richard Wener, who studies the habits of commuters.

As a result, says Wener, job performance suffers. And that's hardly the worst of it: Commuter stress is blamed for everything from obesity to heart attacks.

All because (you're stuck) sitting in traffic.

Because of an accident backing up traffic, Carmen Delgado's commute may be a half-hour longer. "At this time in the morning, we usually are able to breeze through," she said.

And then there's the personal toll, what the extreme commuter gives up.

"Not being able to be home with family, that's one thing the distance creates," Delgado said. "Not being able to go out after work; you work everything around the commute, what time the bus leaves."

"I'm on the road while otherwise I could be doing something more productive," Slaughenhaupt said. "More time at home."

Which brings us to Joe Balintfy, a newlywed. He just just got fed up.

"It was really at least two hours a day," he said. "and if you just add that up, it's ten hours a week — that's basically a whole day that I lost per week sitting in the car commuting."

His solution? First, he moved to a modest home in Kensington, Md., just four miles from his Bethesda office. Then he traded four wheels for two.

"Now being able to ride a bike, it's just a smooth, smooth ride, and I'm getting the value of some exercise and saving some gas money," he said.

So, with so many drawbacks to extreme commuting, why on earth would anyone put up with it?

Carmen Delgado had wanted to live on Connecticut — a much shorter trek from New York City — but she could only afford a condo there, and she wanted to be a home owner — a piece of the American Dream. "So we got on Interstate 84, and we just kept going and going until we wound up in Pennsylvania," where she found something she could afford.

"But it's worth it?" Cordes asked.

"Yeah," Delgado said. "We have to weigh it out. And this is what I have weighed out. It comes ahead 100 percent. It really does."

Evan Slaughenhoupt was attracted to the charm of rural Calvert County. "It has probably the finest planning and zoning in the nation," he said, "so that means there's lots of room, lots of space."

"It's a trade-off."

Carmen sees the New York skyline at 6:35 a.m. :"Made it good time," she said. It's 7:00 a.m. by the time she arrives at work — a three-hour trip. And she's still one of the first ones there.

Fred Springer, one of her co-workers thinks she is crazy: "There's no question about it."

And after another 3 hour trip, home at last.

But come Tuesday at 3:00 a.m., it starts all over again.