Chernobyl Shut Down For Good
Fourteen years of nuclear anxiety came to an end Friday, as operators shut down the Chernobyl nuclear powerplant, throwing 2,000 employees at the complex out of work, and leaving Ukrainians short of electricity at the start of winter.
The Ukrainian government resisted shutting down the reactor to the very last, but international pressure to close the plant has grown since the massive explosion in 1986 which covered a third of Europe with a radioactive cloud, and caused cancers rates to skyrocket in Belarus and Ukraine, reports CBS News Correspondent Elizabeth Palmer.
The closure will take several years to implement fully.
The concrete sarcophagus covering the reactor which exploded is decaying and has to be rebuilt, and the fuel has to be removed from the other reactors.
The cost of the shutdown is expected to rise above $3 billion.
Most of the money will come from the international community, including the Unites States.
Ukraine President Leonid Kuchma gave the shutdown order from Kiev over a video linkup with the plant, located some 85 miles away. A Chernobyl operator pushed a switch activating the automatic safety system of the plant's only working reactor, sending containment rods sliding into the reactor core.
The simple procedure ended the long, troubled run of a facility that became a synonym for nuclear fears and the dangers of atomic power.
"To fulfill the state decision and Ukraine's international obligations, I hereby order to start work for the premature stoppage of the operation of reactor No. 3 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant," Kuchma said as he gave the order from a hall in Kiev, the capital.
The shutdown, which followed years of intense international pressure, should erase the danger of future accidents at the plant. Yet Ukraine will suffer the effects of the 1986 Chernobyl accident for years to come: Millions of its citizens are affected by radiation-related ailments.
The leaders of this former Soviet republic said they were undertaking a historic mission in closing down the last functioning reactor at Chernobyl.
"The world will become a safer place. People will sleep in peace," Kuchma said Thursday during a ceremony to commemorate the shutdown.
The plant's last reactor, the one shut down Friday, was reactor No. 3. It is in the same building as reactor No. 4, which exploded and caught fire on April 26, 1986, contaminating vast areas of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus and spewing a radioactive cloud over Europe.
The Kremlin tried to conceal the accident and delayed evacuation of people from nearby towns for days. Firefighters and other workers who were the first at the destroyed reactor had little or no protection from radiation.
Those moves only added to the death toll: More than 4,000 cleanup workers have died since then and 70,000 have been disabled by radiation in Ukraine alone. About 3.4 million of Ukraine's 50 million people, including some 1.26 million chidren, are considered affected by Chernobyl.
The plant has experienced numerous malfunctions since. Many Ukrainians, tired of living with radiation scares, were relieved at its closure.
For others, though, the shutdown means lost electricity and lost jobs.
Kuchma, who on Thursday toured the ill-fated plant and tidy Slavutych, the town where Chernobyl workers live, was confronted by dozens of gloomy protesters wearing black armbands.
"I have not seen anything better than this," Yevhen Laptsov, a Chernobyl electrician who lives in Slavutych, said of his town. "I have two small children and we all live in this beautiful town. I'm very much afraid of the closure."
For years, energy-strapped Ukraine faced pressure from environmental groups and foreign leaders to close Chernobyl. But it refused to do so, citing the electricity the plant provided and demanding foreign aid in return. Kuchma finally pledged to shut down Chernobyl during a visit by President Clinton earlier this year.
The European Commission has approved a $585 million loan to help Ukraine build two new reactors to make up for Chernobyl's electricity. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is to chip in another $215 million.
Despite the closure, much remains to be done at Chernobyl.
Ukraine plans to construct a new casing for the mammoth concrete-and-steel sarcophagus covering the ruined reactor No. 4. There is no decision yet on what to do with the tons of radioactive dust and nuclear fuel still inside, and work on making the structure environmentally safe will take decades.
It also will take years to unload nuclear fuel from the three other Chernobyl reactors.
"We shall continue to bear this," a weary Kuchma said Thursday in Slavutych. "This is our fate."