American Killed In Iraq
An American soldier was killed Tuesday morning after a roadside bomb exploded while his convoy was passing by, the U.S. military said.
The soldier was the first member of the 1st Infantry Division, which is replacing the 4th Infantry Division, to die in Iraq, said Maj. Debra Stewart.
The soldier was killed at 9:20 a.m. after the Humvee he was riding in was hit by the bomb in Balad Ruz, just east of Baqouba in the Sunni Triangle. A second soldier was wounded in the explosion and airlifted the 31st Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad and was listed in stable condition.
The names of both soldiers were withheld pending notification of their families.
"It is a very sad day for the division, we have lost a very valuable team member," said Maj. Debra Stewart, a Division spokeswoman.
The latest death brings to 551 the number of American service members who have died since the Iraq conflict began March 20. Most of those deaths occurred after President Bush declared an end to major combat May 1.
Meanwhile, the leader of Iraq's biggest Shiite political party on Tuesday described the nation's interim constitution as a "huge achievement," but echoed criticism by an influential Shiite cleric that parts of the document encroached on the powers of a future elected parliament.
In other developments:
The U.S.-picked Iraqi Governing Council signed the temporary constitution on Monday, a key step in U.S. plans to hand power to the Iraqis by July 1.
"Our main problem lies with the imposition of restrictions set by an unelected body on an elected body," said Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq and a member of the U.S.-appointed council. "No one believes that this document reflects perfection or embodies the ambitions of everyone," he told a news conference.
His criticism reiterated that of the Shiites' most influential cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani, who issued a religious edict on Monday saying the document will gain legitimacy only when adopted by an elected assembly.
Al-Sistani's supporters on the Governing Council pledged to try and amend parts of the charter. Al-Hakim, who maintains close ties to al-Sistani, said they would seek the consensus of council members on any amendments.
On Tuesday, a senior Shiite cleric from the holy city of Karbala also criticized clauses pertaining to federalism in the document, warning that they could lead to the dismemberment of Iraq or plunge the nation into civil war.
Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Taqi al-Modaresi, whose views are respected but commands a much smaller following than al-Sistani, said in a statement that the interim charter's adoption of a federalist system would be "a time bomb that will spark a civil war in Iraq if it goes off."
In contrast, President Bush praised the 22-page charter, saying its adoption was a "historic milestone in the Iraqi people's long journey from tyranny and violence to liberty and peace."
Bahr al-Ulloum, an elderly Shiite cleric who heads the council, described the signing of the new charter as a "historic moment, decisive in the history of Iraq."
Most of the council's 13 Shiite members, including Bahr al-Ulloum, refused to sign the document Friday, citing al-Sistani's opposition for their last-minute decision. During talks over the weekend, al-Sistani signaled to the Shiites that they could sign despite his reservations.
Bahr al-Ulloum's fellow Shiites on the U.S.-appointed council said they would sign for the sake of national unity and to keep the political process moving forward.
"We say here our decision to sign the document is pegged to reservations," Ibrahim al-Jaafari, a senior Shiite council member told reporters after the ceremony. "In reality, we had a choice between delaying the constitution or dealing with our reservations, particularly on two clauses, in an annex."
The annex will decide the shape of the Iraqi government that will take over from the U.S.-led occupation authorities June 30.
The form of that government is in doubt following objections by al-Sistani that doomed a U.S.-backed plan for regional caucuses.
The more important of the two clauses in dispute, according to al-Jaafari, would give Kurds and Sunni Arabs a de facto veto over a permanent constitution.
It stipulates that if two-thirds of voters in any three of Iraq's 18 provinces reject it, then the document cannot be adopted, parliament is dissolved and a general election is held. Kurds make up the overwhelming majority of three northern provinces where they've enjoyed self-rule since 1991.
Kurds and Sunnis, who combine for 30-40 percent of Iraq's 25 million people compared to the Shiites' 60 percent, see the clause as a safeguard against the domination of the Shiite majority. Shiite politicians countered that leaving the clause unchanged gives a minority of as little as 10 percent of the population the power to block the will of the remaining 90 percent.
"We have produced a document that we can justly be proud of," said a jubilant Adnan Pachachi, a Sunni politician and council member. "This is a beacon of light for future generations."
Iraq's permanent constitution will be drafted by a legislature elected by Jan. 31, 2005 and the Shiites politicians said the clause in question, if left unchanged, will encroach on the powers of the elected body.