Strategies for a Hangover-Free Holiday Season

but beware! One too many glasses of eggnog
at the office holiday party, or a bit more bubbly than you anticipated on New
Year's Eve, and you're likely to find yourself feeling less than cheerful the
day after.

Want to prevent a hangover from dampening your holiday spirits? Read on to
discover tried-and-true remedies that work, new methods meant to halt hangovers
before they strike, and why too much alcohol causes so much misery in the first
place.

Hangovers Explained

If, while nursing a horrific hangover, you've ever asked yourself, "How
a couple of seemingly harmless drinks could have led to such misery?"
consider this: "Alcohol is poison. The hangover is your body recuperating
from being poisoned by alcohol and its metabolites," Aaron White, PhD,
assistant research professor at Duke University Medical Center, tells WebMD.
Symptoms vary, but can include one or all of the following:

• 
  Raging headaches. "Alcohol intoxication seems to
  produce dilation of the blood vessels that surround the brain, which may
  contribute to the headache in some people. Alcohol also has an effect on some
  neurotransmitters, increasing levels of serotonin or histamine that may trigger
  headaches," says Bruce Hetzler, PhD, psychology professor at Lawrence
  University.


• 
  Dehydration. Ever wake up after a night of heavy alcohol
  consumption and wonder why you're tongue is stuck to the roof of your mouth?
  Dehydration, also partly to blame for headaches and nausea, is the culprit. It
  causes excess urination by stopping the release of a hormone that helps the
  body hold on to fluid. Also sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea that sometimes
  accompany excess drinking can cause a person to become dehydrated. The signs of
  dehydration can be dizziness, lightheadedness, thirst, and weakness -- symptoms
  that are felt during a hangover.


• 
  Fatigue. The day after a night of drinking and revelry,
  you're probably wiped out. That's because alcohol disrupts sleep. Alcohol can
  work as a sedative to help promote sleep. But alcohol has an effect on sleep
  quality. "People who drink alcohol tend to have sleep maintenance insomnia
  -- you wake up too soon and then you can't get back to sleep," White says.
  That's not the only problem. "You don't spend as much time in 'slow wave',
  or REM, sleep," White explains. Vital for normal emotional and physical
  functioning, REM sleep (the dream phase) typically comprises between 20% and
  25% of total sleep time.

Other studies have also shown that alcohol can interfere with normal 24-hour
rhythms -- such as normal variations in heart rate and blood pressure seen at
night. A racing heart can in extreme cases lead to a heart attack. Increased
blood pressure and heart rate during a severe hangover can double the risk of a
heart attack, reports Jeffrey Weise, associate professor of medicine at Tulane
Health Sciences Center in New Orleans.

Prevention

Before the hangover hits, you can do some damage control. Here are some of
the old-fashioned remedies you may have heard of that really work.

• 
  Choose your beverage of choice wisely. "A couple of
  studies show that alcoholic beverages that are mainly just alcohol and water,
  like vodka and gin, produce less severe hangovers, while other compounds that
  contain congeners -- brandy, whisky, red wine, to name a few -- tend to produce
  more severe hangovers," Hetzler tells WebMD. What if you're a beer lover?
  "Beer has a relatively low congener level, although the heavier the beer,
  the more congener it contains," Htzler says.


• 
  Eat before you drink. "The alcohol is absorbed more
  slowly when you have food in your stomach," White tells WebMD. Exactly what
  should you eat? Whatever you want. "It's a myth that one type of food is
  better than another," he says.


• 
  Pace yourself. White suggests having a nonalcoholic drink
  between each alcoholic beverage, which helps to maintain a low blood alcohol
  level, and keeps you hydrated.


• 
  Replenish lost fluids. Before you put your head on the
  pillow, guzzle some water or other nonalcoholic drink, but avoid caffeine. Like
  alcohol, it has a diuretic effect and may contribute to hangover symptoms.


• 
  Take over-the-counter pain relief before the headache
  hits. Experts warn, however, to avoid acetaminophen (Tylenol), a
  common aspirin alternative. "Too much acetaminophen is toxic to the liver.
  Alcohol can disrupt the metabolism of acetaminophen, making it even more toxic
  to the liver," White says. Although the risk of liver damage from the
  combination is minimal, it's possible, he explains.

New Hangover Prevention Strategies?

You may have seen ads for products that promise a night of excessive
drinking with minimal hangover residue, simply by popping some pills or even
changing the way you consume alcohol. But do they work?

As for the hangover prevention pills, many in the medical community remain
unconvinced of their effectiveness. "They haven't been carefully
studied," Hetzler says.

A few "hangover helper" pills contain a single key ingredient
designed to ward off the unpleasant aftereffects of alcohol. Artichoke extract
is one of them. While the product manufacturer touts this natural substance's
effectiveness against hangovers, scientists at the UK's Peninsula Medical
School found artichoke extract ineffective at curbing alcohol's
aftereffects.

Of all the hangover helper pills, HPF Hangover Prevention Formula, an herbal
supplement containing derivatives of the prickly pear cactus, has shown the
most promise. Researchers found it reduces three of nine hangover symptoms:
nausea, dry mouth, and loss of appetite. It's believed to work by reducing the
body's inflammatory response that alcohol causes.

But skepticism remains high.

"The supplement [HPF Hangover Prevention Formula] is designed mostly to
address allergic reactions that cause headaches. It does nothing for things
like abstract memory impairment linked with learning, nothing for the central
nervous system suppression, the diuretic effect, etc.," asserts Patrick
Breslin, an alcohol and drug prevention facilitator at Western Wisconsin
Technical College.

"The only evidence is their [manufacturers'] own internal reports. To
the best of my knowledge, there's no evidence that there's any supplement you
can take that will prevent a hangover. These claims have not stood up to
scientific scrutiny by unbiased researchers," White tells WebMD.
Incidentally, the study that demonstrated the prickly pear derivative's defense
against hangovers was supported by the product's manufacturer.

Vaporized Alcohol

If hangover prevention pills don't work, there's also a whole new way to
consume alcohol intended to curb the nasty aftereffects of consumption. The
alcohol-vapor machine, or "alcohol without liquid" (AWOL) device, works
by turning shots of liquor into an inhaled alcohol mist. The vaporized alcohol
then mixes with oxygen and is inhaled through a tube, creating an immediate
high and, according to product claims, no hangover.

But is it safe? With AWOL, alcohol bypasses the liver, which normally
filters the body's toxins, and goes directly into the brain -- even before
reaching the bloodstream. That means someone heavily under the influence of
AWOL could very likely pass a breathalyzer test if, in fact, the lcohol hadn't
yet reached the bloodstream.

That's why Diageo, the world's leading beer, wine, and spirits company and
an industry leader in promoting responsible drinking, recently announced that
it supports proposed New York State legislation banning AWOL machines until
further research clarifies possible risks. And, at least one New York City
suburb has banned AWOL due to concerns over possible health risks.

So where does that leave those of us who want to dodge the hangover, despite
having imbibed a bit more than planned? Resort to old-fashioned remedies.
"Two aspirin, a glass of water, sleep, and a multivitamin in the morning --
if you can stomach it -- are probably the best things to do," Hetzler
suggests.

By Elizabeth Heubeck
Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario
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