Five 401(k) mistakes to avoid
(MoneyWatch) Workers in 401(k) plans are required to make important decisions that can have a significant impact on their ultimate retirement savings. Folks relying on their 401(k) as their primary retirement nest egg need to make the right decisions on when to enroll in the plan, how much to contribute, how to invest contributions and how to manage the account.
- 401(k) contribution limits higher in 2013
- Protect your 401(k) from rising interest rates
- Should you convert your 401(k) to a Roth?
Most people have the best of intentions when they contribute to their 401(k), but merely being a good saver isn't enough. Here are some of the common mistakes savers should avoid in order to keep their savings growing in their employer's plan.
1) Not enrolling at the earliest opportunity
The problem is that a lot of workers don't take the steps to sign up and join their employer's 401(k) plan at the earliest opportunity. Some think they won't be at the company long enough to make it worth the effort. Then, they wind up staying, and eventually after a few years decide to enroll. The problem is they've lost out on matching contributions (assuming their employer matches) and on the tax-deferred gains on funds they could have saved and invested. Changing jobs five to seven times over a working career (which is typical) only compounds this mistake.
2) Not increasing contributions
According to industry data, the average contribution percentage for workers saving in a 401(k) is around 6 percent. Most studies that take a measure of what folks need to save over their working lifetimes indicate that workers without a pension will need to save and invest 10 percent or more every year into a 401(k) type retirement plan. These assets combined with Social Security income should be sufficient for retirement. If you enrolled into your 401(k) with a six percent contribution percentage, increase this to at least 10 percent as soon as possible and work towards increasing it from there over time.
3) Not making catch-up contributions
If you are celebrating your 50th birthday this year (or a birthday over age 50), then you have some catching up to do. By that I mean if you're over 50 any time in 2013, you can make additional contributions all year into certain tax advantaged savings plans and accounts. If your savings could use a boost, and you're 50 or older, then you'll want to take advantage of these opportunities.
In 2013 workers can contribute up to $17,500 annually into their employer sponsored 401(k) type retirement plans. But if you're over 50 at any time in 2013 (even if you turn 50 on December 31st 2013), you can contribute an additional $5,500 (which remains unchanged from 2012 limits) for a total contribution of $23,000.
4) Taking a 401(k) loan
Most retirement plan experts agree you should never take money from your 401(k) plan because you are taking money away from what you will need for a financially secure retirement. The biggest risk of borrowing from your 401(k) is that most plan rules require repayment within 30 to 90 days of leaving your employer. That's a disaster for someone who suddenly loses their job. If you don't have the money to pay off the loan it will be included in income as a taxable distribution. If you are under the age of 59 1/2 you'll owe a 10% penalty tax on top of applicable federal and state income taxes. If you don't have the money to pay the tax, the IRS can collect what you owe by deducting it from your remaining balance, virtually wiping out your retirement savings in the plan. Whether or not it's a good idea to take a withdrawal from your 401(k) account ultimately depends on what you are doing with the money, but for the reasons explained here, it's wise to avoid this move, as it can backfire.
5) Not running your retirement numbers
The time to find out you have not saved enough is not after you retire. Now is the time to do some serious number crunching. Calculating how much income your current retirement account and annual savings will generate at retirement is a critical step to ensuring you are on track to achieving your retirement income goals. If your retirement plan offers access to online tools to do this, use them.
