FDA announces limits on who can receive Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine
WASHINGTON (CBS/AP) -- The Food and Drug Administration announced Thursday that it is limiting who can get the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.
The reason is a rare, but serious risk of blood clots.
The FDA says the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine should be given only to adults who can't get a different vaccine, or who specifically request the J&J vaccine.
In April of last year, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was paused by the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention due to concerns about blood clots. Clinics at such sites as Chicago State University switched to the Pfizer shot.
But the pause only lasted for days, and use of the J&J vaccine then resumed.
In December, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended prioritizing Moderna and Pfizer shots over J&J's because of its safety issues. Previously, U.S. officials had treated all three vaccines similarly because they'd each been shown to offer strong protection.
But follow-up studies have consistently shown lower effectiveness for J&J's vaccine. And while the blood clots seen with J&J's shot are rare, officials say they're still occurring.
Federal scientists identified 60 cases, including nine that were fatal, as of mid-March. That amounts to one blood clot case per 3.23 million J&J shots administered, the FDA said Thursday. The vaccine will carry a starker warning about potential "long-term and debilitating health consequences" of the side effect.
Under the new FDA instructions, J&J's vaccine could still be given to people who had a severe allergic reaction to one of the other vaccines and can't receive an additional dose. J&J's shot could also be an option for people who refuse to receive the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, and therefore would otherwise remain unvaccinated, the agency said.
A J&J spokesman said in an emailed statement: "Data continue to support a favorable benefit-risk profile for the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine in adults, when compared with no vaccine."
Despite the restriction, FDA's vaccine chief Dr. Peter Marks said J&J's vaccine "still has a role in the current pandemic response in the United States and across the global community."
The FDA based its decision on "our safety surveillance systems and our commitment to ensuring that science and data guide our decisions."
The clotting problems first came up last spring, with the J&J shot in the U.S. and with a similar vaccine made by AstraZeneca that is used in other countries. At that time, U.S. regulators decided the benefits of J&J's one-and-done vaccine outweighed what was considered a very rare risk — as long as recipients were warned.
COVID-19 causes deadly blood clots, too. But the vaccine-linked kind is different, believed to form because of a rogue immune reaction to the J&J and AstraZeneca vaccines because of how they're made. It forms in unusual places, such as veins that drain blood from the brain, and in patients who also develop abnormally low levels of the platelets that form clots. Symptoms of the unusual clots include severe headaches a week or two after the J&J vaccination — not right away — as well as abdominal pain and nausea.
The New Brunswick, New Jersey-based company announced last month that it didn't expect a profit from the vaccine this year and was suspending sales projections.
The rollout of the company's vaccine was hurt by a series of troubles, including manufacturing problems at a Baltimore factory that forced J&J to import millions of doses from overseas.
Additionally, regulators added warnings about the blood clots and a rare neurological reaction called Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Pfizer and Moderna have provided the vast majority of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. More than 200 million Americans have been fully vaccinated with the companies' two-dose shots while less than 17 million Americans got the J&J shot.
