Study Probes Ritalin For Tots As Use Soars

The first long-term government study of preschoolers who take Ritalin, the popular attention deficit disorder drug, warns of side effects but also found benefits in children with severe problems.

The drug isn't approved for use in children under age 6, and the researchers said those youngsters need close monitoring. Preschoolers are more likely than older children to develop side effects, experts said.

The research was done because of concerns over reports that soaring numbers of very young children are being given psychiatric drugs, including Ritalin.

The study's message is, proceed with caution, said Dr. Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health.

"We're not talking about fidgety 3-year-olds," said Insel, whose agency funded the study.

The research involved children with severe cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder — cases that included hanging from ceiling fans, jumping off slides or playing with fire. The researchers say the benefits of low-dose treatment outweigh the risks for these youngsters.

But critics disputed that.

"I hope publication of this does not lead to more overprescribing," said Dr. Sidney Wolfe of the watchdog group Public Citizen. "The safety isn't adequately established, the efficacy even less."

About 40 percent of children developed side effects and roughly 11 percent dropped out because of problems including irritability, weight loss, insomnia and slowed growth.

Preschoolers on methylphenidate, or generic Ritalin, grew about half an inch less and gained about 2 pounds less than expected during the 70-week study.

"This is a catastrophe. It just opens up the way for drugging the younger kids," said Dr. Peter Breggin, a New York psychiatrist and longtime critic of psychiatric drug use in children.

Breggin said the research is part of a marketing push by the drug industry to expand drug use to the youngest children.

The study appears in the November edition of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Several of the researchers have financial ties to makers of ADHD drugs, including Ritalin.

Lead author Dr. Laurence Greenhill, a psychiatrist with Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, has been a paid speaker for most companies that make the drugs.

Roughly 8 percent of U.S. children have ADHD, including around 3 percent of preschoolers.

Previous research found that about 1 in 100 preschoolers had been prescribed Ritalin, which has only been approved for use in children aged 6 and older. Use in younger children is considered "off-label" but is not illegal.

Dr. David Fassler, a psychiatry professor at the University of Vermont, said the study does a good job of outlining pros and cons of Ritalin treatment in preschoolers.

"This is exactly the kind of information we need to help parents make informed decisions about treatment options for young children with ADHD," Fassler said.

The study included 10 weeks of behavioral treatment along with parent training and about one year of drug treatment. Nearly 300 families were enrolled, but many dropped out after the first phase, either because the behavior treatment worked or because they didn't want to put their children on drugs.

The drug phase started with 165 children, more than a dozen dropped out because of side effects.

Behavior improvements were seen in children taking 7.5 to 30 milligrams daily, but the optimal dose was 14 milligrams daily — less than half the usual Ritalin dose for older children, Greenhill said.