Country Fast Facts: Monaco

The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215.

The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338.

Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino.

Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

Monaco is the world's most densely populated country and second-smallest independent nation; with a population of just 32,410 and an area of 1.96 square kilometers (485 acres), Monaco is the world's smallest French-speaking polity.

Source: CIA World Fact Book

Population:
32,671 (July 2007 est.)

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Age structure:
0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394)
15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312)
65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)

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Median age:
total: 45.5 years
male: 43.4 years
female: 47.4 years (2007 est.)

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Population growth rate:
0.386% (2007 est.)

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Birth rate:
9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

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Death rate:
12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

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Net migration rate:
7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

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Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female
total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

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Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

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Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 79.82 years
male: 75.99 years
female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)

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Total fertility rate:
1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)

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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA

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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA

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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA

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Nationality:
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

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Ethnic groups:
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%

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Religions:
Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

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Languages:
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

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Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)

Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$976.3 million
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough (2006 est.)

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GDP (official exchange rate):
NA

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GDP - real growth rate:
0.9% (2000 est.)

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GDP - per capita (PPP):
$30,000 (2006 est.)

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GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 0%
industry: 4.9%
services: 95.1% (2005)

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Labor force:
44,000
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)

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Unemployment rate:
0% (2005)

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Population below poverty line:
NA%

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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.9% (2000)

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Budget:
revenues: $863 million
expenditures: $920.6 million; including capital expenditures of $305 million (2005 est.)

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Agriculture - products:
none

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Industries:
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

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Industrial production growth rate:
NA%

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Electricity - consumption:
NA kWh

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Electricity - imports:
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

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Exports:
$716.3 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)

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Imports:
$916.1 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)

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Debt - external:
$18 billion (2000 est.)

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Economic aid - recipient:
$NA

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Currency (code):
euro (EUR)

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Exchange rates:
euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)

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Fiscal year:
calendar year