U.S. geneticist shares Nobel Prize in medicine

File photos of American Bruce Beutler, top left; Luxembourg-born scientist Jules Hoffmann, top right; and Canadian-born Ralph Steinman. The Nobel committee said on Monday, Oct. 3, 2011, that the three have shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in medicine with Steinman. Beutler and Hoffmann were cited "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity." Steinman, of Rockefeller University, was honored for "his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity." / CBS/AP Photos/Keystone, Lukas Lehmann; Mike Groll

Last Updated 8:55 a.m. ET

STOCKHOLM - Three scientists were honored with the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discoveries about the immune system that opened new avenues for the treatment and prevention of infectious illnesses and cancer.

American Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann shared the 10 million-kronor ($1.5 million) award with Canadian-born Ralph Steinman, the Nobel committee at Stockholm's Karolinska institute said.

Beutler and Hoffmann were cited for their discoveries in the 1990s of receptor proteins that can recognize bacteria and other microorganisms as they enter the body, and activate the first line of defense in the immune system, known as innate immunity.

Steinman was honored for the discovery two decades earlier of dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, the next stage of the immune system's response, when the invading microorganisms are purged from the body.

"Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.

Steinman's prize came posthumously. Rockefeller University in New York reported the cell biologist prize died on Sept. 30 at age 68.

The Rockefeller University is delighted that the Nobel Foundation has recognized Ralph Steinman for his seminal discoveries concerning the body's immune responses," said university president Marc Tessier-Lavigne. "But the news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago after a long battle with cancer."

Steinman, who was affiliated with Rockefeller University since 1970, and headed its Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design.

Prize committee member Hans-Gustav Ljunggren told The Associated Press that drug companies are using the discoveries to develop better vaccines, though none are on the market yet.

"Some vaccines against hepatitis are coming out, large clinical trials are being done today," Ljunggren. "More vaccines against infectious diseases are coming and long-term it will also be possible to use it to improve the treatment of cancer, auto-immunity and chronic inflammatory diseases."

Beutler, born in 1957, is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Hoffmann, 70, headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007-2008.

Hoffmann's discovery came in 1996 during research on how fruit flies fight infections. Two years later, Beutler's research on mice showed that fruit flies and mammals activate innate immunity in similar ways when attacked by germs.

Steinman's discovery dates back to 1973, when he found a new cell type, the dendritic cell, which has a unique capacity to activate so-called T-cells. Those cells have a key role in adaptive immunity, producing antibodies that destroy infections. Once the infection has been stopped, the immune system maintains a memory that helps it mobilize its defenses next time it comes under a similar attack.

The trio's discoveries have enabled the development of new methods for treating and preventing diseases, including improved vaccines and in attempts to help the immune system to attack tumors, the committee said.

The medicine award kicked off a week of Nobel Prize announcements, and will be followed by the physics prize on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday, literature on Thursday and the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday. The winners of the economics award will be announced on Oct. 10.

The coveted prizes were established by wealthy Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel — the inventor of dynamite — except for the economics award, which was created by Sweden's central bank in 1968 in Nobel's memory. The prizes are always handed out on Dec. 10, on the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.

Last year's medicine award went to British professor Robert Edwards for fertility research that led to the first test tube baby.

[NinthSt78]

The sharing there is a beautiful thing. Alone often times isn't.

[amerilatino]

It is a well-known fact in the botanical and anthropological sciences community that pharmaceutical companies spend millions of dollars sending investigators all over the world to get as much information as they can on native medicines that have general acceptance as being effective in the regions where they are known, if said remedy is found to be effective, all possible efforts will be put forth to isolate the relevant ingredients and if they can be synthesised cheaper than the natural stuff, they will be manufactured and introduced into the markets as proprietary at high cost, with no compensation to the healers or community that originated the remedy. they will also calculate a risk-liability curve that puts liability costs against projected profits when their formulations are not entirely safe, so they can afford to be sued and still make money. I use olive-oil and vinegar for earaches, Certo and pomegranate juice for joint-pain, probiotics and fry-free cooking to avoid digestive problems, a neti-pot and sea salt to keep my sinuses clear and healthy, aspirin, exercise, wine and cold-water fish for my heart, guaiacol, eucalyptus and spearmint for colds as well as many other inexpensive, effective remedies I have learned about; did you know that a silver coin (real silver) taped over a persistent sore will heal it ASAP?

[Excalibrationist]

"Three scientists won the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discoveries about the immune system that opened new avenues for the treatment and prevention of infectious illnesses and cancer."
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In the early 1970's, my father was seeing an herbalist for his Tx of emphysema. This herbalist was not able to cure, but he was able to stop it's advancement, and, ultimately, dad lived to a ripe old age of 92.
This herbalist told my father that he had a cure for certain types of cancer as he had experimented with calves (Bovines) using a combination of herbs found around the globe. He says that he wrote to several universities, medical colleges, the A.M.A., the American Academy of Neurology, even President Nixon, then President Ford, and, ultimately, several times to the U.S. Congress.
All replies were asking for references to the "Latin names" for horicultural identification of the herbs he was using. Several of his herbs "had no horicultural ID" as some were indigenous only to the Asian continent, thus, latin names were non-exisitent. No further inquiries were made from ANYONE he wrote to.
One Oncology Physician even told dad, "If we had a cure for Cancer, what would we do this all of this "million of dollars" worth of Cancer research equipment?"
Needless to say, my family has deemed, "Cancer research", as a monsterous hoax, and as such, have not, and will not, receive even a single dime for their "cause"!

[bigsk8fan]

republicans just hate anything to do with science. especially science that can cure human ailments.