MYRTLE BEACH, S.C., Aug. 20, 2007

Painkiller Use In U.S. Skyrockets

Statistics Show Amount Of Pain Medicine Sold Jumped 90 Percent Between 1997 And 2005

  • Oxycodone, the chemical used in OxyContin, is responsible for most of the increase. Oxycodone use jumped nearly six-fold between 1997 and 2005. Photo

    Oxycodone, the chemical used in OxyContin, is responsible for most of the increase. Oxycodone use jumped nearly six-fold between 1997 and 2005.  (AP)

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(AP)  People in the United States are living in a world of pain and they are popping pills at an alarming rate to cope with it.

The amount of five major painkillers sold at retail establishments rose 90 percent between 1997 and 2005, according to an Associated Press analysis of statistics from the Drug Enforcement Administration.

More than 200,000 pounds of codeine, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone and meperidine were purchased at retail stores during the most recent year represented in the data. That total is enough to give more than 300 milligrams of painkillers to every person in the country.

Oxycodone, the chemical used in OxyContin, is responsible for most of the increase. Oxycodone use jumped nearly six-fold between 1997 and 2005. The drug gained notoriety as "hillbilly heroin," often bought and sold illegally in Appalachia. But its highest rates of sale now occur in places such as suburban St. Louis, Columbus, Ohio, and Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

The world of pain extends beyond big cities and involves more than oxycodone.

In Appalachia, retail sales of hydrocodone — sold mostly as Vicodin — are the highest in the nation. Nine of the 10 areas with the highest per-capita sales are in mostly rural parts of West Virginia, Kentucky or Tennessee.

Suburbs are not immune to the explosion.

While retail sales of codeine have fallen by one-quarter since 1997, some of the highest rates of sales are in communities around Kansas City, Mo., and Nashville, Tenn., and on New York's Long Island.

The DEA figures analyzed by the AP include nationwide sales and distribution of drugs by hospitals, retail pharmacies, doctors and teaching institutions. Federal investigators study the same data trying to identify illegal prescription patterns.

An AP investigation found these reasons for the increase:

  • The population is getting older. As age increases, so does the need for pain medications. In 2000, there were 35 million people older than 65. By 2020, the Census Bureau estimates the number of elderly in the U.S. will reach 54 million.

  • Drugmakers have embarked on unprecedented marketing campaigns. Spending on drug marketing has gone from $11 billion in 1997 to nearly $30 billion in 2005, congressional investigators found. Profit margins among the leading companies routinely have been three and four times higher than in other Fortune 500 industries.

  • A major change in pain management philosophy is now in its third decade. Doctors who once advised patients that pain is part of the healing process began reversing course in the early 1980s; most now see pain management as an important ingredient in overcoming illness.

    Retired Staff Sgt. James Fernandez, 54, of Fredericksburg, Va., survived two helicopter crashes and Gulf War Syndrome over 20 years in the Marine Corps. He remains disabled from his service-related injuries and takes the equivalent of nine painkillers containing oxycodone every day.

    "It's made a difference," he said. "I still have bad days, but it's under control."

    Such stories should hearten longtime advocates of wider painkiller use, such as Russell Portenoy, head of New York's Beth Israel pain management department. But they have not.

    "I'm concerned and many people are concerned," he said, "that the pendulum is swinging too far back."

    Consider:

  • More people are abusing prescription painkillers because the medications are more available. The vast majority of people with prescriptions use the drugs safely. But the number of emergency room visits from painkiller abuse has increased more than 160 percent since 1995, according to the government.

  • Spooked by high-profile arrests and prosecutions by state and federal authorities, many pain-management specialists now say they offer guidance and support to patients but will not write prescriptions, even for the sickest people. The increase in painkiller retail sales continues to rise, but only barely. There was a 150 percent increase in volume in 2001. Four years later, the year-to-year increase was barely 2 percent.

  • People who desperately need strong painkillers are forced to drive a long way — often to a different state — to find doctors willing to prescribe high doses of medicine. Siobhan Reynolds, the widow of a New Mexico patient who needed large amounts of painkillers for a connective tissue disorder, said she routinely drove her late husband to see an accommodating doctor in Oklahoma.

    Continued



    © MMVII The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

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    Add a Comment See all 36 Comments
    by condumism August 20, 2007 10:30 AM PDT
    Neocons War on the American People is having great results. Marijuana classified as the same drug type as heroin. Tobacco products remain unregulated. Alcohol use by teenagers at an all time high. While Bag Pharma reaps rewards from selling highly addictive pain killers. Another wonderful result brought to US by the GOPigs "ownership society."
    Reply to this comment
    by rushman71 August 20, 2007 11:32 AM PDT
    Ya see, it is legal to take painkillers in this country that could make you addicted and could be deadly, but it is ILLEGAL to smoke marijuana which has NO cause towards cancer and makes you more aware of your surroundings compared to alcohol. Is this an oxymoron country or what!!!
    Reply to this comment
    by tmkgls August 20, 2007 11:58 AM PDT
    I live with pain daily. I found Oxycodone works the best with Vicodin a close second. To get Oxycodone is a trial. Therefore, even though it''s available, I have to continue to live in pain as my doctor is hesitant to prescribe it.

    Not everyone abuses it. I actually write down each time I take my pain med so that I can''t accidentally take too much or give myself excuses to take more than prescribed. The government needs to realize that there are many people out there that need meds such as these to even function.

    What I would prefer is that the government would fund more research and pay for tests for the uninsured/underinsured in order to find out the cause of the pain thereby hopefully lowering the need for pain meds.

    I used to try to handle my pain through the use of alcohol. I ended up becoming an alcoholic and cannot allow myself to even have one drink. Would the government prefer me to be a drinking alcoholic? I view alcohol as a worse drug for me than Oxycodone or Vicodin. (BTW: I don''t drive beyond a few blocks or drive anywhere that''s above 25 mph just in case as I believe any drug impairs a persons response time.)

    Please let me live almost pain free without having to drink alcohol. With the government making doctors afraid to prescribe meds that work it makes it harder for me to get what is needed to live each day rather than just exist each day.
    Reply to this comment
    by jdubs63 August 20, 2007 12:02 PM PDT
    tmkgls..............Have your tried a Pain Clinic? Ask your doctor to recommend you to one, as they are very helpful
    Reply to this comment
    by honestabe8 August 20, 2007 12:06 PM PDT
    It isn''t just the neocons who want to keep the status quo regarding pot. More people were arrested for it under Billy Boy Clinton''s administration than any other. Big Pharma lobbiests see to it that pot will never be taken off Schedule I.
    Reply to this comment
    by tmkgls August 20, 2007 12:20 PM PDT
    JDUBS63 - I haven''t gone to a pain clinic as my state Medicaid insurance doesn''t cover one. They don''t cover acupuncture or holistic medicine either. Being that I''m disabled and only receive $750 a month in SSI, I cannot afford it. (Back when I drank alcohol I was virtually destitute due to the amount spent on that.) Many people believe that people on disability make out financially, but law-abiding disabled people do not. (I''m only eligible for about $3 in food stamps.)

    As to physical therapy, I''m only allowed about 10 visits per "injury" which would do nothing to help my conditions. I''ve tried. If the government would allow more physical help via pain clinics, physical therapy, acupuncture, etc., people like me wouldn''t have to rely solely on pain meds in order to live without most pain.
    Reply to this comment
    by cantshutup August 20, 2007 12:46 PM PDT
    big pharmacutical companies control us...find yourself a nice old lady who sells marijuana to get by and smoke you some of that...less than a $100 a month to be pain free...when the big pharma''s realize they aren''t making the obscene profits they were off us they will all be out of business...the government can''t put every one of us in jail!!! the government needs to stay out of our personal lives and the sooner they realize that the better...boy, what''s it say about life in this day and age when addictive PRESCRIBED drug use is soooo high???? we all ought to send our medical bills to the f*cking "decider" he''s mostly to blame for our worries!
    Reply to this comment
    by jdubs63 August 20, 2007 12:46 PM PDT
    tmkgls.I do not know what state you live in, but I do know there are resources available NO matter what your finiancial ability is to pay. It certainly does not seem fair that your state would pay for expensive medications and not have a pain clinic available.My brother gets less than you but has the availablity of "other" resources to him.Don''t give up it is ther for you, like trying a University Hospital as they have many free clinics that may be able to help you. Hang in there helo is available beleive me.
    Reply to this comment
    by goamerica August 20, 2007 1:17 PM PDT
    It''s ABUSE -- by doctors who write the prescriptions, by pharmaceutical companies interested only in profits, profits, profits!

    It starts in pre-K. Small children who do not behave in a very narrowly-defined parameter of "normal" behavior are instantly prescribed drugs for some "diagnosis", real or imagined. I have a neighbor with two small children who are being raised with no manners, no expectation of civilized behavior. Trust me, as soon as these kids get to school, they will be on drugs for ADD or ADHD or something similar. Forget teaching, or learning, self-control, it''s out of the question!

    High school and college kids run to the school caseworker, read off a known list of "symptoms", and are soon farmed out to doctors who immediately write prescriptions to combat "lack of focus" or everybody''s favorite, "depression".

    You move your legs in the middle of the night, you have restless legs syndrome. You don''t feel like smiling every minute of your life, you''re depressed. You''re a male in your 60s or 70s and you don''t "respond" to women like a teenager -- there''s a pill for that. You''re a woman who gets night sweats or "testy" at certain times of month -- there''s a pill for that! We feel ENTITLED to feel no pain, have no problems -- and we are being drugged to the hilt to meet this state of nirvana.

    Makes me want to go smoke a joint!


    Reply to this comment
    by rushman71 August 20, 2007 1:43 PM PDT
    GoAmerica: Amen!!! That was a great post. How true, how true!!!

    BC_Kelly: I agree with you also. But the only wonder drug that I know that gives you wonders and makes you wonder is marijuana!!! Why they called that to Bayer Aspirin, you got me!!!
    Reply to this comment
    by pastdue1 August 20, 2007 1:50 PM PDT
    Long ago, cigarette companies could no longer advertise on television. Long ago,liquor companies could no longer advertise on television. Pharmaceutical companies are long overdue to be banned from advertising on television. Their advertising is far more devastating than either cigarettes or liquor - they are implanting in peoples mind that they have all the symptoms of diseases and conditions. People can always find a doctor who will accomodate their claims and perscribe, perscribe, perscribe. And . . .lo and behold . . . they do eventually really need a doctor and more prescriptions. And.. this is just one of dangers of indescriminate prescription writing.
    Reply to this comment
    by naturewoman-2009 August 20, 2007 1:55 PM PDT
    How hypocritical of them, to scapegoat the doctors, while not holding the pharmaceutical companies responsible for their crimes. We push drugs everywhere - on TV, on the internet, via direct mail - and when patients demand these drugs, we punish the doctors who overprescribe. Let''s get our acts together, and eliminate those nauseating drug commercials!
    Reply to this comment
    by jester188 August 20, 2007 2:02 PM PDT
    while i agree that the drug companies push push push pills on people... this happens take this pill... oh now you feel this.. here is a pill...

    i can honestly say that i haven''t taken pills for much in life... except the standard antibiotic stuff.. and that is short lived...

    hey.. there are cases in which pills or drugs are needed... major surgary (heart) and so on...

    but as a society i think it has become the easy way out for a lot of people... slight pain... take a pill... your kids an idiot and will not listen to you... scew good parenting take a pill...

    while i understand there are cases when people need to take pills... it just seems the easy way out... and while i blame drug comapnies... i also blame people for not taking responsibility for themselves and just dealing with it...
    Reply to this comment
    by rjs1955 August 20, 2007 2:07 PM PDT
    duhhh, I didn''t know that our skyrockets used painkillers. Perhaps the headline could have read, "Painkiller Use in U.S. Skyrockets is on the Rise" or something to make us better aware that our government is now drugging our skyrockets, not just letting astronauts fly loaded....
    Reply to this comment
    by vastr-wcon August 20, 2007 2:10 PM PDT

    "Painkiller Use In U.S. Skyrockets"

    Yes, the 2008 campaign for president not only causes migraines, it is also a royal pain in the A**. I suspect that hemorrhoid ointment sales are also through the roof.

    Enough, already!
    Reply to this comment
    by condumism August 20, 2007 2:23 PM PDT
    The Neocons War on the American People (remember Nancy Reagan''s famous quote, "Just say no to drugs?") is having great results. Marijuana rmains classified as the same drug type as heroin. Tobacco products continue to be unregulated, killing on average 1200 Americans per day. Alcohol use by teenagers at an all time high. All this while those Big Pharma Pigs ( a subsidiary of the Republicon Party) reaps rewards from selling highly addictive pain killers. Yes indeed America. Yet another wonderful result brought to US by the Neocon Fascists that control the Republicon Party and their "ownership society" which is based soley upon market place anarchy and chaos. American''s are just too dumb to handle such policies.
    Reply to this comment
    by obiwan234 August 20, 2007 2:58 PM PDT
    How else but drugging the Astronauts could you explane get them to get on top of a bomb built by the low bidder... DUH!
    Reply to this comment
    by pwrslm August 20, 2007 3:06 PM PDT
    The most ironic thing of all is that this story came from a Congressional Study.

    Its Congress that put drug companies in the position to do what they are doing, so who cares.

    Big Business bought and paid for Congress time and again, we dont have a government that is interested in protecting the people anymore, this is about profit.
    Reply to this comment
    by jusdane August 20, 2007 3:32 PM PDT
    Gee what a surprise. The government is in bed with the pharmacuetical companies achieving their goals. . . as many people as possible hooked on "expensive drugs". They want us as sick as possible so they can prescribe drugs that don''t work. Instead the drugs just hide the symptoms - until the side effects kick in creating a new illness requiring . . . you guessed it, more drugs. That''s how they make money.
    Reply to this comment
    by starleo146 August 20, 2007 3:44 PM PDT
    Posted by jusdane at 03:32 PM : Aug 20, 2007
    The doctors in this country have some responsibility as well as the pharmaceuticals meeting with the doctors giving them free drugs and pushing them, what did they do in the old days when they had pain.
    Reply to this comment
    by starleo146 August 20, 2007 3:49 PM PDT
    Posted by pwrslm at 03:06 PM : Aug 20, 2007

    Lobbyist the scum of the earth. All the legislatures that take bribes from them are even lower and a punishment should be in order a severe punishment like cancel there pensions and kick them out.
    Reply to this comment
    by gramto7 August 20, 2007 5:31 PM PDT
    More than 200,000 pounds of codeine, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone and meperidine were purchased at retail stores during the most recent year represented in the data. That total is enough to give more than 300 milligrams of painkillers to every person in the country.
    from the article
    I don''t know if you realize it or not, but 300 mg is less than one regular size tylenol tablet! Granted when you are talking about some of these meds, 300 mg is a lot, but the above article is written in such a way that it will scare you.

    I am another person who depends on a pain medicine just to be able to get enough relief to function. These types of ''news'' articles do more harm to patients like us than anything else out there.
    Reply to this comment
    by sjw1253 August 20, 2007 5:37 PM PDT

    For those of you who think that people should "just take it" have no clue what it is like to live in severe chronic pain.

    What did they do before??? Well... we always try to improve upon what was done before - peopld did not live as long - nor did they live as productive.

    It is very concerning in this day and age when people who suffer some very serious illnesses cannot have their pain addressed.

    We aren''t talking about your average headache that will be gone in a day or two. We are talking about pain that creates more pain upon pain due to pain not being controlled.

    If you have any understanding of how the human body deals with pain and the exponential pain that can occur due to pain from organic growths and abnormalities - you would not be so cavalier in your indifference to people who do suffer from pain that needs addressed.

    I am not coming from one who abuses drugs - nor in the thought process of those who do for a "high"... I am speaking from serious, chronic... diseases that take away from quality of life and potentially kill in slow long drawn out increments.

    Reply to this comment
    by lawyertom1 August 20, 2007 5:55 PM PDT
    Watch out. Rush is at it again.
    Reply to this comment
    by grammawhamma August 20, 2007 6:08 PM PDT
    There was an article a few days ago about nursing mothers being prescribed codeine for episiotomy pain. I have had episiotomies...a person does not need codeine for this.

    The problem is that people with minor pain want to feel 100% great all the time. So doctors are prescribing stronger medications for minor pain. People taking pain medications for every little ache and pain will develop a tolerance. Then when they actually do have significant pain they will need even stronger pain medications. Of course people with severe chronic pain need strong medications. The pill-popper-wanna-feel-good-all-the-time generation is ruining it for those who do have chronic significant pain.
    Reply to this comment
    by jowand August 20, 2007 7:02 PM PDT
    Watch out. Rush is at it again.
    Posted by LawyerTom1

    Rumor is it''s Democrats trying OD on painkillers everytime someone says Hillary is leading in the polls
    Reply to this comment
    by jdubs63 August 20, 2007 7:38 PM PDT
    Grammawhamma......You are wrong. Some women having episiotomies need some pain relief. You probably are a trooper and could get thru it some women have 20plus stitches or botched and do not realize... it can be very painful
    Reply to this comment
    by grammawhamma August 20, 2007 11:27 PM PDT
    JDUBS63 Of course episiotomies are painful. But to prescribe codeine for this kind of pain is not the answer. For one thing codeine causes constipation....something you definitely would want to avoid especially after an episiotomy. It can also cause dizziness and sedation which is also not a good side effect for someone caring for a newborn. I would rather deal with the pain then risk harming my newborn with tainted breast milk or caring for a baby when dizzy or sedated.

    My point is that today''s society expects to feel perfect 24/7 and thus pop pain pills to acheive this goal. Pain medications are being over used by many people for minor pain and they will develop a tolerance and require higher doses and stronger narcotics the day they do experience severe pain. Look what happened with the over use of antibiotics.
    Reply to this comment
    by figuy30 August 20, 2007 11:57 PM PDT
    The reason people are buying otc pain relievers and other medication is because they are unable to afford health care in America. The government does''nt give a ***, and doctors and hospitals sure don''t. If an elderly person could even qualify for health care they COULD NOT afford to pay for it! I have personally seen older Americans at the grocery store skimping on food purchases just trying to get by. And do you think congressmen and representatives care? If you do, you''re delusional. Political lobbyists for doctors, hospitals, and insurance companies are looking to rape the taxpayer, medicaid, and make the most profit possible. On the other hand we could fund NASA more for space shuttles and taking pictures of planets because that''s important. America had better wake up!
    Reply to this comment
    by incog-nito August 21, 2007 12:37 AM PDT
    Rush Limbaugh really is a role model for a lot people after all!
    Reply to this comment
    by irving82-2009 August 21, 2007 1:50 AM PDT
    i have seen the effects of medications such as these. my mother-in-law is on disability. she has been given such painkillers as hydrocodone 500mg and carisoprodol 350mg.

    the problem with these drugs and many like them is that after a while they no longer work and then what? when you get to a point when your painkillers don''t work what do you turn to for pain relief? morphine on a regular daily basis? cocaine?? heroin??

    this combined with the fact that if you don''t get your pills filled, you don''t get your disability check. i think we are a society that breeds dependency.

    let me finish by saying that my husband feel 27 feet off a roof in Aug of 06, 1 year ago this month. He had shattered both his heels, was in the hospital for 10 days, had 5 pins and 6 screws put in his left foot, 4 pins and 2 screws in his right foot, in a wheel chair for 42 days - had a morphine drip in the hospital for the first 2 days, codine while in the hospital and a 30 day supply at home following his release and nothing besides tylenol arthritis since! he went back to work Nov. 1st 06, six days a week, up and down a ladder and is still going today!!!

    for those of you who think you can not live with pain and need the meds to get you through i''ll tell you the same thing i told my mother-in-law. i can only say that i feel sympathy for you, my husband however can feel your pain. the only difference is he, unlike you, has chosen not to.
    Reply to this comment
    by grammawhamma August 21, 2007 2:35 AM PDT


    irving82 your husband is one of the smart ones...I give him credit. He could have easily ended up being an addict but he chose to get on with life.

    Our pets go to the vet and have major surgery. They get sent home with a few days worth of pain pills...which hopefully the owner remembers to give them. They survive and get on with their lives.

    I have seen little children jumping up and down in their cribs less then a day after having surgery. They are medicated mostly to sedate them so they won''t rip their stitches from activity.

    I admit there are people out there that have chronic "severe" pain and need strong pain medications. I am all for someone with terminal cancer being given whatever it takes to get rid of their pain. But we should not give prescriptions of narcotics to every person who walks thru the door for "minor" pain just because they think they need it to feel good.

    I have seen many, many lives ruined by over use and abuse of prescribed narcotics and it pissses me off. BTW I am a nurse.
    Reply to this comment
    by wjbair August 21, 2007 9:10 AM PDT
    Could it be that the pain symptoms are not from physical ailments? Think about that....
    Reply to this comment
    by snixchance August 21, 2007 2:48 PM PDT
    I have lived over in pain over 20 years, endured 20 osteopedic operations just to have my pain abated. When drug addicts take a painkiller for "recreational" use they get high. When I take a painkiller, I am able to funcion & I don''t get high. Thank God my doctor is a compassionate man. I see him monthly, for refills. You live in my body for 1 week and I assure you, you would want that pain abated.
    Kudos to the few compassionate doctors who are out there that really care about the quality of their patients'' lives.
    Reply to this comment
    by gmond August 21, 2007 6:30 PM PDT
    Where''s my Tylenol 3, this story gave me a headache..
    Reply to this comment
    by hotwheelere August 21, 2007 10:56 PM PDT
    I have fibromyalgia along with osteoarthritis. There are days when I need something a little stronger than advil. It is very hard to get doctors to understand that some of us just need a prn dose not every 4 hours. I think addiction requires an addictive personality. Not everyone is after a HIGH.
    Reply to this comment
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