The Top 10 Health Stories Of 2006

(WebMD)  The first-ever cancer vaccine tops WebMD's list of the top 10 health stories of 2006.

But that wasn't the year's only advance. 2006 saw an experimental gene therapy cure two people of late-stage cancer. There's now a vaccine for shingles, one of the most feared diseases of the elderly. And early in the year, the FDA approved the first — but certainly not the last — non-injection insulin.

The year also saw new uses of older technologies. The Plan B morning-after pill can now be sold without a prescription. HIV tests will now become routine.

And with New York City's ban on trans fats, war on this manmade heart toxin shifts into high gear.

Not all the news was good news:

MRSA infection — caused by a drug-resistant staph bug — is spreading in urban communities across America.

Drug-coated stents, still an advance for people with clogged arteries, turn out to have their own, deadly risks.

Outbreaks of E. coli, salmonella, and botulism have been traced to common food products, suggesting to some that the U.S. food-safety system may be faltering.

The biggest health story of the year is a huge milestone for women's health: FDA approval of Gardasil, the first cancer vaccine.

The vaccine protects against infections with the two strains of HPV — human papillomavirus — that cause cervical cancer. It also protects against two HPV strains that cause genital warts.

The FDA's June 2006 action was based on the strong recommendation of its advisory panel. In October, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provisionally put the HPV vaccine on the childhood vaccination schedule (the final decision, originally scheduled for November, was still under review by the Department of Health and Human Services in mid-December).

HPV is a sexually transmitted infection, which means it affects males as well as females. So far, however, the vaccine is approved only for girls and women aged 9 to 26.

The vaccine doesn't stop HPV from causing cancer or genital warts in a person who's already infected.

That's why the HPV vaccine ideally should be given to girls before they become sexually active. Routine vaccination is recommended for girls aged 11-12. Girls as young as age 9 may get the HPV vaccine at their family doctor's discretion.

However, women who are sexually active should still get the vaccine. And the vaccine doesn't protect against all strains of HPV, so regular cervical-cancer screening — and HPV tests — still are needed.

2. War on Trans Fats

Perhaps the biggest health announcement of 2006 was New York's ban on trans fats.

Described by some nutritionists as a man-made toxin, the fats must be gone from New York City restaurant fryers by July 2007 and from all restaurant food by July 2008. At that time, New York will join Tiburon, Calif., as the second trans-fat-free city in the U.S.

The New York announcement marked the end of a bad year for trans fats. On Jan. 1, the FDA required all foods to list their trans fat content on labels.

Paradoxically, trans fats — also known as partially hydrogenated vegetable oils — were invented as a healthier alternative to animal fats. Food makers quickly found that trans fats give fried food a tasty crunch and baked goods a longer shelf life.

It wasn't long before doctors realized that trans fats might be the unhealthiest fats of all. Just 2.6 grams a day of trans fat raises your risk of heart disease. That's about half as much as you get in a typical serving of French fries.

Trans fats are particularly fattening. There's also a trans-fat/belly-fat link. Trans fats not only build up belly fat themselves, but also appear to cause fat from other parts of your body to move to the belly. Abdominal fat is particularly dangerous and contributes to heart disease and diabetes.

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