A Rising Wave Of Tidal Power

Young Ocean Energy Companies Stake Claims On The Coast For A Bottomless Energy Source

(AP)  In the quest for oil-free power, a handful of small companies are staking claims on the boundless energy of the rising and ebbing sea.

The technology that would draw energy from ocean tides to keep light bulbs and laptops aglow is largely untested, but several newly-minted companies are reserving tracts of water from Alaska's Cook Inlet to Manhattan's East River in the belief that such sites could become profitable sources of electricity.

The trickle of interest began two years ago, said Celeste Miller, spokeswoman for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The agency issues permits that give companies exclusive rights to study the tidal sites. Permit holders usually have first dibs on development licenses.

In the last four years, the commission has approved nearly a dozen permits. Applications for about 40 others, all filed in 2006, are under review. No one has applied for a development license, Miller said.

The site that is furthest along in testing lies in New York's East River, between Manhattan and Queens, where Verdant Power plans to install two underwater turbines this month as part of a small pilot project.

Power from the turbines will be routed to a supermarket and parking garage on nearby Roosevelt Island.

Verdant co-founder and President Trey Taylor said the six-year-old company will spend 18 months studying the effects on fish before putting in another four turbines.

The project will cost more than $10 million, including $2 million on fish monitoring equipment, Taylor said.

"It's important to spend this much initially," Taylor said. "It's like our flight at Kitty Hawk. It puts us on a path to commercialization and we think eventually costs will fall really fast."

If all goes well, New York-based Verdant could have up to 300 turbines in the river by 2008, Taylor said. The turbines would produce as much as 10 megawatts of power, or enough electricity for 8,000 homes, he said.

With 12,380 miles of coastline, the U.S. may seem like a wide-open frontier for the fledgling industry, but experts say interest will focus on only a few. The ideal sites are close to a power grid and have large amounts of fast-moving water with enough room to build on the sea floor while staying clear of boat traffic.

"There are thousands of sites, but only a handful of really, really good ones," said Roger Bedard of the Electric Power Research Institute, a nonprofit organization in Palo Alto, Calif., that researches energy and the environment.

"If you're sitting on top of the best scallop fishing in the world, you can't put these things down there," said Chris Sauer, president of Ocean Renewable Power Co. in Miami. The two-year-old company is awaiting approval for federal study permits in Cook Inlet and Resurrection Bay in Alaska, and Cobscook and the St. Croix River in Maine.

Other prime tidal energy sites lie beneath San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge and in Knik Arm near Anchorage, Bedard said.

But it will be a long time before the technology arrives in the far north.

Companies have applied for several study permits in Alaska, but most are scoping out sites in the Lower 48, including Florida and Massachusetts, where the cost of construction is lower and the customer base is larger.

"Alaska's not even close to doing anything," Bedard said. "I don't see as much activity as I see in San Francisco, Washington state or New York."

Government and the private sector in Europe, Canada and Asia have moved faster than their U.S. counterparts to support tidal energy research. As of June 2006, there were small facilities in Russia, Nova Scotia and China, as well as a 30-year-old plant in France, according to a report by EPRI.

"I expect the first real big tidal plant in North America is going to be built in Nova Scotia," said Bedard, who led the study. "They have the mother of all tidal passages up there."

After more than two decades of experimenting, the technology has advanced enough to make business sense, said Carolyn Elefant, co-founder of the Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition, a marine energy lobbying group formed in May 2005.

Tidal power proponents liken the technology to little wind turbines on steroids. Water's greater density means fewer and smaller turbines are needed to produce the same amount of electricity as wind turbines.

Although most of the devices resemble downsized wind turbines, there are many exceptions. Ocean Renewable Power Co. has designed a device resembling a double-helix enclosed in stackable boxes, Sauer said.

The industry is coalescing over worries about dependence on foreign oil, volatile oil prices and global warming. Many states have passed laws requiring a certain percentage of energy from renewable sources, and tidal entrepreneurs believe they will be looking to diversify beyond wind and solar power.

Elefant said the industry is still trying to figure out how much energy it will be able to supply from tides, as well as waves.

"While ocean energy may not power everything in the U.S., it will be functioning in tandem with other renewable resources and supplement other sea-based technologies," said Elefant, a lawyer in Washington D.C. "The most important thing is for the nation to invest in a diverse energy supply."

In the United States, wave energy technology is less advanced than tidal and will need more government subsidies, Bedard said, however, the number of good wave sites far exceeds that of tidal.

But a few companies are working aggressively to usher wave power into the energy industry.

Aqua Energy, could start building a wave energy plant at Makah Bay in Washington state within two years, said Chief Executive Officer Alla Weinstein. Another wave plant, whose backers include major Norwegian energy company Norsk Hydro ASA, is under construction off the coast of Portugal.

Miller said the commission has received applications for three wave energy permits in Oregon, all filed since July.

With the uptick in interest in tidal and wave energy sites, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is holding a public meeting in Washington on Dec. 6, to discuss marine energy technologies. The meeting can be viewed on the commission's Web site.

[adventurepa]

This is a great idea and technology that should be researched and on-line in 10 years or less.
The answer is to use materials that do not have metal in them.
Plastics and such will work great as the casing. Keep any metal inside away from corrosion.
Why can they not use sub materials like from the navy to prevent corrosion?
Those subs last a long time and don't leak.
We just need to make sure the energy is cheap and the companies don't rape the consumer on price like they do now.

[lafaye58-2009]

In previous comments there are mention of materials well how about titanium has it yet been determined if salt water will cause corrosion? and the war about oil, My comment is there should not be any war. We dont belong in another country fighting for other people's rights we belong defending our own rights in our own country, When we take on the responsabilities of other nations are we not spreading ourselfs thin? so thin that we leave ourselves defenseless?
and maybe the reason the idea to draw enery from the ocean was thrown out over thirty years ago was because our knowledge then was not as advanced as now. you have to take into consideration is that as we grow in the times so does our knowledge advance in technology.

[tom_gwynn]

Ther's a reason this technology hasn't gone far yet. In order for it to work you have to maintain *electrical equipment* in *salt water*. And salt water is about the most effective destroyer of electrical equipment that there is.

I'd like to think that this time they have the bugs worked out, but I'm pretty pessemistic.

[djermano]

We must distinquish the uses of liquid fuel verses electrical generation. Most electric comes from coal, wind, photovoltaics. Little comes from burning oil, or using natural gas.

We need to realize we need a liquid fuel to run cars, buses, trucks,boats, small engines, etc.

Invading Iraq was a collossal mistake. Just because it has Oil does not make it a wealthy state. In fact Oil...creates poverty, not wealth.
Consider the War in Iraq for Oil. The national deficit in maintaining the military has created a deficit almost triple of Ronald Reagans defense spending. Debt is poverty. Add that to the cost of oil per barrel, and you get much much over the price of 60 USD per barrel. Estimate is closer to 300 USD per barrel of oil out of the Middle East. Take into consideration the fact that the Oil supply is always diminishing, means the prices will always increase...And the 3rd point of bad news is the affect it has on the environment and our air quality, along with continued burning causing global warming. This is poverty in my book.

See www.sugarcitycane.com

See how we can end the cycle of poverty, and provide our liquid fuel needs.

[atpay1]

The thought of using ocean currents like the gulf stream were thought of 30 yrs ago, I wonder who blocked that idea, to build a power plant in the gulf stream off the coast of Florida !!

[catt42701]

This technology has been around a long time. It's about time it has started to be used. It's a pity that it took a war in the Middle East and bad diplomatic relations with oil rich countries to light the fuse but let's hope the fuse stays lit.