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Why evangelicals coalesced around Rick Santorum
(Credit:
AP Photo/Chris Carlson)
Mitt Romney beats Rick Santorum by 8 votes
The journey, though, was far different for Santorum than Huckabee. Whereas Huckabee -- an ordained Southern Baptist minister -- stood out among a field of fiscal conservatives, Santorum found himself competing against several other candidates with strong social conservative credentials: Rick Perry, Newt Gingrich, and Michelle Bachman.
Evangelicals wavered throughout the campaign, pushing each of them to the top of the pre-election points at one point or another. Three factors, though, eventually enabled Santorum to emerge from the pack and unite a substantial number of evangelical voters behind him:
Full Iowa results
Full Iowa entrance poll results
Social Conservative Credentials
Many commentators did not see distinctions between the candidates, but evangelical caucus goers sure did. Of the 30 percent of evangelicals who cited being a true conservative as the most important candidate quality in their vote, 44 percent supported Santorum. Perry, Gingrich, and Bachman only received 26 percent support from evangelicals combined.
On the important question of abortion, 19 percent of evangelicals cited it as the most important issue in their vote. Of those that did, a whopping 60 percent backed Santorum, compared to only 12 percent for Perry, 9 percent for Gingrich, and 8 percent for Bachmann.
Time on the Ground
Santorum spent more time campaigning in Iowa than any other candidate. According to the Des Moines Register, Santorum spent 104 total days in Iowa, making more than 300 campaign stops in all 99 counties in the state. By comparison, Michele Bachman spent 82 days, Newt Gingrich spent 63 days, and Rick Perry spent 35 days in Iowa.
Santorum's face time was reflected in his voters' support. Of all the candidates, a greater proportion of his voters - 40 percent - cited strong moral character as the most important candidate quality in deciding for whom to vote. Such assessments do not come from 30 second campaign commercials, but from endless exchanges with voters across the state.
Full CBS News coverage: Rick Santorum
Influential Endorsements
Much was made of the fact that several important evangelical organizations, such as the Family Leader, the Iowa Faith and Freedom Coalition, and Iowa Right to Life, failed to endorse any of the candidates. However, a number of key evangelical leaders - Cary Gordin , the president of Peace Makers Institute and Bob Vander Plaats, the president of the Family - did throw their support behind Santorum in the closing days of the campaign, seemingly steering many evangelicals toward him.
More than half - 52 percent - of evangelicals made their decision about who to support in the last few days, after a number of these endorsements had recently been announced. Among these late deciders, Santorum was the overwhelming choice. He received the support of 39 percent of evangelicals who decided in the last few days and 45 percent of those deciding the day of the caucus.The Road Ahead
If Santorum can unite evangelicals nationwide as he did in Iowa, he is well positioned to potentially win the nomination. A number of key contests coming up in next two months have large numbers of evangelical voters.
The all important South Carolina Primary on January 21 was comprised of 60 percent of evangelicals in 2008. Voters in Missouri, where evangelicals made up 55 percent of participants four years ago, cast ballots on February 7 (though the results are non-binding). And, Super Tuesday on March 6 had at least three states where evangelicals comprised as least 45 percent of voters the last time it was held: Georgia, Virginia, and Tennessee.
Even if evangelicals do coalesce around Santorum, there is, of course, no guarantee that they will dictate the outcome of the contest. Mike Huckabee lost the 2008 South Carolina Republican Primary 33 percent to 30 percent, despite receiving 43 percent of the evangelical vote. But, if they do come together, the Republican nomination will surely be more closely contested than it has years past.
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Full GOP Primary Results
Poll results discussed in this article are based on a National Election Pool entrance poll conducted by Edison Media Research. Interviews were conducted with 1737 caucus attendees as they entered caucus sites around Iowa. The margin of error for the poll is +/-2 percentage points.
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Samuel J. Best Samuel J. Best is an Associate Professor of Political Science and the former director of the Center for Survey Research and Analysis at the University of Connecticut. He has written numerous books and articles about public opinion and electoral behavior, including Exit Polls: Surveying the American Electorate, 1972-2008, scheduled to be published by CQ Press in 2012. He holds a Ph.D. in political science from the State University New York at Stony Brook.
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