By

Lucy Madison /

CBS News/ November 5, 2012, 6:00 AM

In last days of campaign, a final push to get out the vote

People wait in line for early voting in Columbus, Ohio, November 4, 2012.

/ Getty

Years of hard work, billions of dollars' worth of spending, and an incalculable amount of rhetorical grandstanding will face the ultimate political test tomorrow, when millions of Americans head to the polls to select the future president of the United States. The race, however, is far from over: In the final hours of the 2012 campaign, both sides continue to furiously pound the pavement in battleground states across the country, aggressively pursuing the sliver of unpersuaded, unenthusiastic, or otherwise available voters who could decide the outcome of the presidency.

This year, as every election, both campaigns will deploy thousands of volunteers on Election Day and the 72 hours prior to get in touch with voters and try to convince them to turn out on November 6. But for both President Obama's campaign and the Republican National Committee, which is helming Mitt Romney's ground game, the get out the vote effort will have started far before then.

The impact of the early vote

In 2008, the Obama campaign dominated early voting to such an extent that in some critical battleground states - including Florida and North Carolina - he was able to clinch a victory despite Republican John McCain outpolling him among those who voted on Election Day. This time around, Republicans are determined not to let that happen again: The RNC is touting an aggressive early voting program that they say parallels that of the famously well-organized Obama campaign. As a result, both sides have effectively been working their get out the vote efforts for a month.

"People used to call it the final 72 hours. Now that early voting is so prevalent, it's become a much longer get-out-the-vote effort," said Kirsten Kukowski, a spokesperson for the RNC. "In some states, it's been going on for several weeks."

Adds an Obama campaign official: "Every day has been get-out-the-vote for us in those states that allow in-person early voting. We're basically under the operating assumption that every day that we can undertake as robust a get-out-the-vote as possible, we're going to do that."

The benefit of strong early voting numbers is that it essentially extends the timeline of a campaign's get-out-the-vote effort, and allows campaigns to cross known early voters off their list of targets and zero in on those they have yet to reach. That means that, if they've done a good job, by Election Day they'll have a smaller and more focused group of voters to contact.

"Early voting is a boon to campaigns not because it represents in and of itself a way to increase turnout, but because it allows campaigns to allocate their resources more efficiently," said Donald Green, a political science professor at Columbia University who specializes in voting behavior. "If a substantial number of people vote early, those people need not be targeted with resources thereafter. The potential list of targets will be shorter."

Not only that, but targeting certain groups for pre-Election Day voting enables campaigns to concentrate their day-of efforts geographically as well. This may be particularly true for Democrats, many of whom are geographically clustered in urban areas, according to Green.

"If you can get more affluent people, who are more geographically dispersed, to mail in ballots earlier, then you can focus your more geographically concentrated efforts on low-income and minority populations," he said.

The GOP ups its game

Regardless of how early voting may help campaigns streamline their efforts on Election Day and the hours immediately beforehand, there's no question that day-of get out the vote efforts remain as critical as ever - particularly in an election that's being billed as nail-bitingly close.

As with early voting, Republicans this year were dead-set on improving their turnout numbers from 2008, when President Obama swept even traditionally Republican states like Virginia and North Carolina.

"We started the ground game before we even had a nominee," said Kukowski. "We said, this is something that we're going to do. We're not going to make this mistake again; we're going tot have a ground game in place very early."

In order to get a head-start on the process, she said, the RNC opened up "victory offices" in battleground states in the spring, and the Romney campaign "moved in with us" once he was officially nominated.

According to Kukowski, these last few days of the GOP get-out-the-vote effort is the final leg of a process that's been in the works for months. In the summer, the campaign was in what it called its "identification phase," where it culled the list of targeted voters. Then they moved on to the early voting stage of get-out-the-vote, which involved "super Saturdays" aimed at reaching ever-increasing voter contact goals. All of that, she said, got the party into "fighting shape" for right now, when they'll be aggressively targeting the "low-propensity" voters they've been contacting for months.

"These people have heard from us, and they're going to hear from us several more times over the next few days. Between knocking on their door and making phone calls, you're recirculating them into the universe and you're contacting them again and again."

Kukowski says that between door knocks and phone calls, the campaign had made over 51 million voter contacts as of Friday. Between Saturday and the end of Election Day, they would have made four million phone calls, knocked on two million doors, and deployed 150,000 volunteers. The RNC is particularly confident in its presence in critical states like Florida, Virginia, and Ohio, as well as Wisconsin, where a strong ground game recently helped Governor Scott Walker defeat a recall election.

"On Election Day alone we estimate about two million contacts," Kukowski said. "When we're talking to the voters... they know that if they need a ride that we will provide. There is a process in place to get anybody that needs to get to the polls to the polls."

"A ground game unlike anything American politics has ever seen"?

Despite any gains in the Republican ground game, Democrats flat-out reject the notion that the RNC-Romney efforts could anywhere mirror the organization and infrastructure they say they've been building for years. In a conference call on Saturday, Obama campaign manager Jim Messina said that, as of the weekend, the campaign had begun to execute "the final phase of a ground game unlike anything American politics has ever seen."


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    Lucy Madison is a political reporter for CBSNews.com.

16 Comments Add a Comment
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GOP-R--Con-Men says:
Ever notice republicans NEVER run budget deficits on spending to help average Americans? They ALWAYS waste taxpayer dollars on things to empty the treasury without helping people. This is strategic by republicans. They do this and then cry the country is broke and we can't afford that! They do this because they NEVER want average americans to think government can help and enhance them. They ALWAYS use government to help corporations, big oil and the wealthy, not average Americans. This is why republicans ALWAYS speak negatively of government. Wake up people!
This is why they have been on a 30 plus year crusade against governemnt. To convince average Americans that government is no good and cannot do anything positive for them. They use the term Limited Government" what they really mean is republican we limit governments ability to help and enhance the lives of average Americans while enhusiastically supporting corporations, big oil and the super rich ability to step over ordinary americans
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GOP-R--Con-Men replies:
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Republicans are using and playing on the racism against President Obama of some voters to get them to vote republican. Which ironically is the very party that has blocked and stopped every piece of legislation from President Obama and Democrats that would help average Americans. This election voters will decide whether to reward the republican party which ahs brazenly worked to keep struggling americans jobless or reward President Obama for constantly fighting against them on behaf of average Americans.

Wake Up Voters!
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myth1958 says:
Tomorrow, few things will be more important than your participation in the presidential election by casting your vote. Voting is our only means of being involved directly (unless you're donating millions); a sort of solemn trust the paper Constitution has in the flesh-and-blood citizens to carry out our job of selecting a leader for the next four years. The buildings in Washington can't do it. The ideals carved in stone underneath statues of Founding Fathers can't, either, because they've done their task of inspiring us to reach for better and better men and women to occupy seats in Congress, in the Senate and in the White House so the Constitution can rest easy in its' glass case. The process it directed will have run it's course: we will have a president that more people than not will support, work with and respect into our future. Vote.
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joesapper says:
Pray & Vote ,

A Nation in Prayer is stronger than steel , Mr Gorbi tear down this wall .

Vote Romney & Ryan
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GOP-R--Con-Men says:
Republicans are not in office to serve and benefit ordinary Americans. They have shown time after time their disdain for struggling Americans by blocking and stopping any legislation from President Obama and Democrats to revive the economy and help struggling Americans.

This is why struggling Americans cannot reward them with our votes for standing with ccorporations, big oil, big pharma, the super rich and against struggling Americans. Republicans must be defeated for our great nation to progress.

Moreover, no republican supporter can cite any republican policy, stance, bill/legislation that favors struggling Americans over corporations, big oil, big pharma or the super rich.
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Bojax-39 says:
The franchise may be the most important thing you'll ever do. So at election time, no matter if you're elephant, jackass or independent, get out there and vote!

Vote for the crypto-fascist, proto-communist, left leaning, right wing, middle-of-the-road, moderate liberal conservative Libertarian populist elitist of your choice, but VOTE!
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realsickofit says:
B0 is calling on his base to do what they do best, vote early and often.
Just say "NO to B0"
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dj_chi replies:
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How many Dem voter registrations did the GOP destroy in Florida and other states, while calling themselves morally better than the ACORN workers, who just created fake voter forms to pad their paycheck?
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cntrygirl3 says:
VOTE!!!!!!! VOTE!!!!!

VOTE!!!!!!! VOTE!!!!!!!
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qyeteye says:
CNN headline should read...

GOP makes a mad dash in a final bid to prevent votes

GOP war on voting: Ohio Secretary of State in contempt of court order
http://tucsoncitizen.com/in-the-aggregate/2012/11/04/the-gop-war-on-voting-ohio-secretary-of-state-in-contempt-of-court-order/

GOP Scretary Of State Acknowledges Loss Of Thousands Of Voter Registration Records
http://newsone.com/2072171/ohio-voter-suppression/

Ohio Republican Jon Husted Is Trying to Steal the Election
http://politics.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474981738703

Ohio Absentee Ballot Requests May Have Been Rejected Due To Glitch: Today's Votes Of Incompetence
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/31/ohio-absentee-ballot_n_2050635.html

Happend in 2004
Dead men do tell tales (of rigged elections)
http://jonathanturley.org/2011/07/26/dead-men-do-tell-tales-of-rigged-elections/

Happening now...
Ohio Secretary of State accused of installing suspicious software on voting machines
http://thegrio.com/2012/11/02/ohio-secretary-of-state-accused-of-installing-suspicious-software-on-voting-machines/
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joesapper says:
Romney / Ryan is the only choice for the success of American Leadership , unless you support the blame game of obama supported by excuses of ever sort .
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dj_chi replies:
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As documented above you, the GOP won't let overwhelming Dems votes deter them from winning.
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TomMariner says:
How would you feel if bought this wonderful appliance you had heard so much about and when it was delivered, it was a cardboard cutout? And the company said they spent so much on advertising and sales they couldn't afford to actually make the thing? And, oh by the way, don't bother me because I am working on ads for the next product I'm not going to build.

We have had a President spending billions and four years on a campaign INSTEAD of doing the job we elected him for. His opponent is fortunately rich enough that he can take off a year and a half and also spend a billion.

Are we so stupid we can't see that it is all window dressing and no substance. Granted our President is the epitome of "cool" vs "competent", but every politician is cut from the same mold.

A person running a business earns his or her way by producing something you want at a price you will pay. Are you really going to vote for a person who can literally snuff out your life legally because of a slogan or team loyalty -- you really don't care how competent they are for the job? I hope your team wins and your cardboard cutout pretends to work the way the way you thought it would.
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dj_chi replies:
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If we had a system closer to something like what the UK has, we'd have just six weeks for an election. There'd be no extended campaigning to raise so much money that in a few cycles candidates might not be able to stop campaigning to afford the office.
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